Archive for the ‘Gastro-Intestinal (Gut)’ Category
Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria are medical terms for low or very low volumes or a higher than normal pH of gastric acid.
Achlorhydria may refer to:
- a problem with the pH of gastric acid. In this case the pH of the gastric acid is too high resulting in it being less acidic or rarely, even slightly alkaline.
- a lower than normal volume of the gastric acid.
- a lower than normal ratio of pepsinogen conversion, a digestive enzyme in the stomach that is eventually converted to pepsin by the gastric acid.
Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, both small and large, resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. Most cases of gastroenteritis are due to infections, mainly by viruses and bacteria, although there are immune related causes of gastroenteritis like eosinophilic gastroenteritis which is not caused by any microorganism. Gastroenteritis is known by many common names including :
- Gastro
- Gastric flu
- Stomach bug
- Tummy flu
- Intestinal flu
Even food poisoning is a type of gastroenteritis that is caused by the toxins of bacteria which is found in food.
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It is often difficult not to scratch or interfere with an itchy anus and while this may be an embarrassing condition to suffer with, it is usually harmless. The anus is thin an sensitive area of the body and scratching may lead to more itching and the cycle continues unless appropriate treatment is administered. In most cases, a nagging bum itch can be so uncomfortable, that a person may attempt to enter the anus with a finger and thereby irritate the rectum.
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Belching, bloating and flatulence are daily occurrences and usually of little cause for concern. As embarrassing and uncomfortable as it may be, we usually view these body processes as a norm associated with digestion. In some cases however, belching, bloating and flatulence may be a cause of great distress.
The expulsion of gas from the gut can be a loud and socially unacceptable practice but the frequency and nature of these processes may indicate serious pathology. Belching or burping is the common term associated with eructations through the mouth. Belching is a frequent occurrence after meals and consumption of certain drinks. On some occasions, repeated belching may be accompanied by bloating and a feeling of ‘fullness’ known as indigestion (dyspepsia).
Flatulence is an often embarrassing expulsion of gas through the anus. It may be voluntary or involuntary and is a regular occurrence in a healthy person. The breakdown and decomposition of food within the colon is the main reason for this gas build up. Normal intestinal bacteria consume digested foods within the large intestine, assist with further breakdown and residual nutrient absorption. These bacterial species produce gas as a byproduct which is then released as flatus. Excessive flatulence is often associated with a disruption of this bacterial process or may be as a result of certain foods which are known to contribute to gas production.