Acne is a broad term to describe a number of inflammatory skin conditions. It is often used to refer to acne vulgaris, a common skin disorder that affects a large number of teens and is characterized by pimples or zits. Acne is related to an increase in the oiliness of the skin, usually triggered by hormonal changes, and blockage of the ducts that empty this oil onto the skin (blocked pores).
Treatment should involve both oral and topical medication. There is no cure for acne but with proper management and good skin care, the effects of acne can be reduced significantly.
What Causes Acne? Zits, Pimples
Acne on the Face
Acne on the Chest
In most cases, acne can be linked to a hormonal cause, especially during puberty. The fluctuating hormone levels in teen boys and girls causes the sebaceous gland (oil gland) to produce more oil. The increased oil production may block a pore if it forms a plug when it mixes with dead skin cells, makeup or dirt. The skin in this area will become inflamed, leading to a papule (pimple). If it becomes infected with bacteria, the pimple will enlarge and become cyst-like. This pustular pimple is commonly referred to as a zit.
Adults may also suffer with acne, particularly women with hormonal disorders like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The hormone testosterone is known for increasing the oil (sebum) production and this hormone is not only present in males. Women also have testosterone but they are usually at lower levels than males. However in hormonal disorders in women, the testosterone levels may increase.
The use of cosmetics like foundation and face powder are major contributing factors to adult acne in women especially if the skin is naturally oily. Certain drugs may also trigger acne by increasing the oiliness of the skin. These drugs may include compounds that affect the hormonal levels or act directly on the skin.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Acne? Pimples, Zits
Acne does not only affect the face. In a large number of acne sufferers, the back, chest and shoulders are also affected. Symptoms of acne include :
- Pimples of varying size and distribution.
- Redness of the skin, either at the affected area or throught an entire zone on the face.
- Pain, itching or burning of the skin.
- Oily skin with whiteheads or blackheads.
- Pus or whitish-yellow exudate oozing from a pimple.
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